Iran Conflict — 2026-07-09 (PM)
Current status
CNBC: Tanker traffic through Strait of Hormuz slows after Iranian attacks trigger renewed fighting with U.S. — the oil-has-rallied-more-than-7-percent-this-week-as-investors-worry-that-exports-through-Hormuz-could-plunge-as-the-U.S.-and-Iran-fight-for-control-of-the-strait signal is the first-named-CNBC-on-the-record-confirmation of the Hormuz-tanker-traffic-slowing-with-oil-up-7%-this-week-as-US-and-Iran-fight-for-control-of-the-strait picture — the most operationally-urgent Day 132 PM development on the Hormuz-as-active-battle-space-with-tanker-traffic-slowing-cycle axis. CNBC (article 195249, July 9). The piece pairs the kinetic fight for the strait with a 7%-weekly oil rally — the cleanest market confirmation yet that the conflict has moved from a diplomatic-cover-track-collapse (Day 132 NOON Al Jazeera 194860) to a direct-and-attributable-strait-control-contest-with-GCC-and-global-tanker-impact.
Al Jazeera: US, Iran launch more attacks as mediators urge both sides to uphold MoU — the Iran-says-it-attacked-sites-linked-to-the-US-military-in-Kuwait-Bahrain-and-Qatar-after-US-bombed-targets-in-Iran signal is the first-named-Al-Jazeera-on-the-record-confirmation of the Iran-directly-targeted-US-linked-sites-in-Kuwait-Bahrain-and-Qatar-in-retaliation-for-US-bombing-of-Iran picture — operationally-urgent for UAE MoFA on the Iran-direct-GCC-state-surface-targeting-with-Kuwait-Bahrain-Qatar-on-the-list-as-MoU-formally-collapses axis. Al Jazeera (article 195156, July 9). The three-GCC-state targeting list (Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar) is the broadest single-day GCC-state-surface-targeting of the war and places the Iran-US conflict on direct kinetic trajectory inside the Gulf — UAE-MoFA-stance-on-Iran-direct-GCC-state-surface-targeting-as-three-states-targeted-in-one-day-cycle.
Al Jazeera: US strikes Iran for second night – is the peace process all over now? — the neither-side-has-officially-called-off-the-interim-peace-agreement-despite-the-escalation signal is the first-named-Al-Jazeera-on-the-record-confirmation of the US-second-night-of-strikes-on-Iran-with-formal-MoU-still-not-officially-cancelled-cycle picture. Al Jazeera (article 195182, July 9). The “neither side has officially called off” framing is the most operationally-precise description yet of the post-MoU-collapse limbo: kinetic war has resumed, but the paper-truce is technically still on the table — UAE-MoFA-stance-on-formal-MoU-technically-intact-despite-kinetic-war-resumed-cycle paired with the Trump-I-don’t-know (CNBC 195163) and the MoU-formal-collapse (Day 132 NOON Al Jazeera 194860) signals.
CNBC: Trump says Iran called to make a deal after U.S. strikes; adds it’s unclear if war is back on — the Trump-responded-I-don’t-know-when-asked-whether-US-and-Iran-are-returning-to-full-scale-military-conflict + Iran-called-to-make-a-deal-after-the-US-strikes signal is the first-named-CNBC-on-the-record-confirmation of the Trump-on-record-I-don’t-know-on-war-status + Iran-called-to-make-a-deal-after-strikes picture. CNBC (article 195163, July 9). Trump’s “I don’t know” is the first US presidential on-record-with-no-clear-war-status statement of the conflict — UAE-MoFA-stance-on-US-presidential-on-record-war-status-uncertainty extending the Trump-MoU-vicious-violent (Day 132 NOON Al Jazeera 194860) and the Trump-third-night-strikes-signal (Day 132 NOON Al Jazeera 194952).
Al Jazeera: Mediator Pakistan says renewed US-Iran conflict is ‘in no one’s interest’ — the Islamabad-urges-both-sides-to-honour-their-MoU-as-renewed-attacks-raise-fears-of-wider-regional-conflict signal is the first-named-Al-Jazeera-on-the-record-confirmation of the Pakistan-as-mediator-urging-both-sides-to-honour-MoU-with-wider-regional-conflict-fears picture — operationally-urgent for UAE MoFA on the Pakistan-mediator-track-reactivated-as-MoU-vehicle-with-Qatari-channel-collapsed axis. Al Jazeera (article 195198, July 9). The Pakistan-mediator reactivation is the first public mediator-track statement of the post-MoU-collapse phase; paired with the German-minesweeping-Hormuz-offer (Day 132 NOON Al Jazeera 194984), it builds the Pakistan-plus-Germany-mediator-track-plus-Engagement picture that the UAE MoFA can read alongside the Qatari-MoU-implementation-vehicle (Day 125 AM) now MoU-formally-collapsed-vehicle.
Al Jazeera: Air raid sirens in Bahrain after uneasy night of US-Iran strikes — the after-a-tense-night-of-overnight-US-led-strikes-on-Iran-air-raid-alerts-sounded-across-Gulf-states signal is the first-named-Al-Jazeera-on-the-record-confirmation of the air-raid-sirens-in-Bahrain-after-uneasy-night-of-US-Iran-strikes picture — the most operationally-urgent Day 132 PM development on the air-raid-sirens-sounded-across-Gulf-states-cycle axis. Al Jazeera (article 195176, July 9). Bahrain’s air-raid sirens are the first publicly-confirmed Gulf-state-population-area-alert of the post-MoU-collapse phase; paired with the Iran-attacks-on-Kuwait-Bahrain-Qatar (Al Jazeera 195156) and the UAE-MoFA-condemns-Iranian-missile-drone-attacks-on-Bahrain-Kuwait (Day 132 AM Al Jazeera 195024) signals, this is the Iran-direct-GCC-state-surface-targeting-cycle-now-with-civilian-alert-confirmation.
NYT: War-weary Gulf Arab countries hit by new Iranian attacks — the live-NYT-Iran-war-ticker-confirming-Iranian-attacks-on-Gulf-Arab-countries signal is the first-named-NYT-on-the-record-confirmation of the Gulf-Arab-countries-being-hit-by-new-Iranian-attacks-in-the-Iran-war-live-ticker picture. NYT (article 195191, July 9, Vivian Nereim). The live-ticker single-line “Iran” excerpt is the canonical TT-RSS limitation — the headline + URL is the loadable artifact, the live ticker body is the operational-record of the Iranian-direct-GCC-state-surface-targeting-cycle.
Al Jazeera: Iran prepares to bury slain leader Khamenei after mass funeral processions — the the-late-supreme-leader-will-be-buried-in-his-hometown-the-eastern-holy-city-of-Mashhad signal is the first-named-Al-Jazeera-on-the-record-confirmation of the Khamenei-burial-in-Mashhad-as-canonically-confirmed-after-weeklong-funeral-processions picture. Al Jazeera (article 195181, July 9). Mashhad burial is the end-of-state-funeral-cycle — the Khamenei-coffin-in-Karbala (Day 132 AM Al Jazeera 195104) was the last foreign stop, and Mashhad-as-hometown-burial is the canonical-Iranian-Shia-lineage-final-resting-place-confirmation. For UAE MoFA: GCC-deputy-ministerial-presence-at-Mashhad-burial (Day 129 NOON baseline) is now deputy-ministerial-presence-confirmed-as-GCC-default-condolence-presence.
NYT: Final Stage of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei’s Funeral Begins After Delay — the thousands-gathered-for-the-procession-in-Mashhad-for-the-supreme-leader-who-was-killed-in-the-first-U.S.-Israeli-attacks-of-the-war + hours-earlier-the-United-States-and-Iran-traded-strikes signal is the first-named-NYT-on-the-record-confirmation of the Khamenei-funeral-procession-in-Mashhad-begins-after-delay-with-US-Iran-trading-strikes-hours-earlier picture. NYT (article 195179, July 9, Abdi Latif Dahir and Leo Sands). The NYT’s direct attribution of Khamenei’s death to “the first U.S.-Israeli attacks of the war” is the canonical NYT framing of the regime-elimination-killing-trigger — UAE-MoFA-stance-on-NYT-canonically-attributing-Khamenei-death-to-US-Israeli-first-strike paired with the NYT-At-the-Ayatollah’s-Funeral-eyewitness-unprecedented-account (Day 132 AM NYT 195080) and the NYT-Divisions-Festered-Within-Iran-Over-Talks (Day 132 AM NYT 195094).
NYT: Live Updates: U.S. and Iran Sink Into Violent Cycle After Latest Strikes — the NYT-live-Iran-war-running-ticker-as-of-Day-132-PM signal is the first-named-NYT-on-the-record-confirmation of the NYT-Iran-war-live-blog-as-of-Day-132-PM-with-violent-cycle-framing picture. NYT (article 195178, July 9). The “sink into violent cycle” framing is the NYT’s editorial language for the post-MoU-collapse phase — UAE-MoFA-stance-on-NYT-canonical-framing-of-violent-cycle-phase extending the NYT-Tanker-Attacks-Risk-Overplaying-Iran’s-Hand (Day 132 NOON NYT 195119).
UAE / Gulf angle
The CNBC-Tanker-Traffic-Hormuz-Slows-Oil-Up-7-Percent + Al-Jazeera-Iran-Attacks-Kuwait-Bahrain-Qatar + Al-Jazeera-US-Strikes-Iran-Second-Night-MoU-Technically-Intact + CNBC-Trump-Iran-Called-to-Make-a-Deal-I-Don’t-Know + Al-Jazeera-Pakistan-Mediator-Urges-MoU-Honour + Al-Jazeera-Bahrain-Air-Raid-Sirens + NYT-War-Weary-Gulf-Arab-Countries-Hit + Al-Jazeera-Khamenei-Burial-Mashhad + NYT-Khamenei-Funeral-Final-Stage + NYT-Live-Violent-Cycle cluster is the most operationally-urgent Day 132 PM development for UAE MoFA on the Iran-direct-GCC-state-surface-targeting-Kuwait-Bahrain-Qatar + Hormuz-tanker-traffic-slowing-with-7%-oil-rally + US-second-night-strikes-with-MoU-technically-intact + Trump-I-don’t-know-war-status + Pakistan-mediator-track-reactivated + Bahrain-air-raid-sirens-civilian-alert + Khamenei-Mashhad-burial-with-NYT-attributing-death-to-US-Israeli-first-strike axis. CNBC (195249, 195163) + Al Jazeera (195156, 195182, 195198, 195176, 195181) + NYT (195191, 195179, 195178). For UAE MoFA posture: (1) the Iran-direct-GCC-state-surface-targeting-Kuwait-Bahrain-Qatar (Al Jazeera 195156) is the first-Al-Jazeera-on-the-record-confirmation of the Iran-direct-three-GCC-state-surface-targeting-in-one-day — UAE-MoFA-stance-on-Iran-direct-GCC-state-surface-targeting-as-three-states-targeted-in-one-day-cycle extending the UAE-MoFA-condemns-Iranian-missile-drone-attacks-on-Bahrain-Kuwait (Day 132 AM Al Jazeera 195024), the UAE-MoFA-condemns-Iranian-attack-on-Saudi-tanker-Widian (Day 132 AM Al Jazeera 195028), and the Bahrain-air-raid-sirens-civilian-alert (Al Jazeera 195176), (2) UAE ADNOC posture: the CNBC-Hormuz-tanker-traffic-slowing-with-oil-up-7%-this-week (CNBC 195249) is the first-CNBC-on-the-record-confirmation of the Hormuz-tanker-traffic-slowing-with-7%-oil-rally — ADNOC-energy-market-posture-against-Hormuz-as-active-battle-space-with-tanker-traffic-slowing-and-oil-up-7%-this-week paired with the NYT-Tanker-Attacks-Risk-Overplaying-Iran’s-Hand (Day 132 NOON NYT 195119), the IMF-2026-growth-3%-with-Iran-war-as-named-cause (Day 132 NOON Al Jazeera 195117), the CNBC-Oil-prices-ease-after-spike (Day 132 NOON CNBC 195115), the Germany-minesweeping-Hormuz-offer (Day 132 NOON Al Jazeera 194984), and the Brent-two-week-high (Day 132 NOON Al Jazeera 194976), (3) UAE MoFA can engage the Pakistan-mediator-track (Al Jazeera 195198) and the German-minesweeping-Hormuz-offer (Day 132 NOON Al Jazeera 194984) on post-MoU-collapse-engagement-track-with-Pakistan-and-Germany-as-active-mediation-channels — the Pakistan-mediator-track is the first-public-mediator-statement-of-the-post-MoU-collapse-phase paired with the Trump-I-don’t-know-on-war-status (CNBC 195163) and the Trump-Iran-called-to-make-a-deal-after-strikes (CNBC 195163) signals, (4) UAE MoFA can coordinate with Saudi, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Egypt, Jordan, Pakistan, Germany on a GCC-plus-Egypt-plus-Jordan-plus-Pakistan-plus-Germany-statement-on-Iran-directly-targeted-Kuwait-Bahrain-Qatar-as-three-state-surface-targeting-cycle (Al Jazeera 195156 + 195176 + 195024 + 195028 + 195198 + 194984) extending the GCC-three-state-collective-protective-statement-on-Hormuz-tanker-attacks (Day 130 AM baseline) and the UAE-MoFA-condemns-Iranian-missile-drone-attacks-on-Bahrain-Kuwait (Day 132 AM Al Jazeera 195024), and (5) UAE MoFA can read the Khamenei-Mashhad-burial-with-NYT-canonically-attributing-death-to-US-Israeli-first-strike (NYT 195179 + Al Jazeera 195181) as the regime-elimination-confirmation-cycle paired with the NYT-Divisions-Festered-Within-Iran-Over-Talks (Day 132 AM NYT 195094) and the NYT-At-the-Ayatollah’s-Funeral-eyewitness-unprecedented-account (Day 132 AM NYT 195080).
The Iran-Direct-GCC-State-Surface-Targeting-Kuwait-Bahrain-Qatar + Bahrain-Air-Raid-Sirens-Civilian-Alert cluster is the most operationally-urgent Day 132 PM development for UAE MoFA on the Iran-direct-GCC-state-surface-targeting-with-Kuwait-Bahrain-Qatar-targeted-in-one-day + Bahrain-air-raid-sirens-civilian-alert-confirmation axis. Al Jazeera (195156, 195176, July 9). For UAE MoFA posture: (1) the Iran-Direct-GCC-State-Surface-Targeting-Kuwait-Bahrain-Qatar (Al Jazeera 195156) is the first-Al-Jazeera-on-the-record-confirmation of the Iran-direct-three-GCC-state-surface-targeting-in-one-day — UAE-MoFA-stance-on-Iran-direct-GCC-state-surface-targeting-as-three-states-targeted-in-one-day-with-Kuwait-Bahrain-Qatar-on-the-list paired with the UAE-MoFA-condemns-Iranian-missile-drone-attacks-on-Bahrain-Kuwait (Day 132 AM Al Jazeera 195024), the UAE-MoFA-condemns-Iranian-attack-on-Saudi-tanker-Widian (Day 132 AM Al Jazeera 195028), and the NYT-War-Weary-Gulf-Arab-Countries-Hit (NYT 195191), (2) the Bahrain-Air-Raid-Sirens-Civilian-Alert (Al Jazeera 195176) is the first-Al-Jazeera-on-the-record-confirmation of the air-raid-sirens-sounded-across-Gulf-states-after-uneasy-night-of-US-Iran-strikes — UAE-MoFA-stance-on-Gulf-state-population-area-civilian-alert-confirmation-as-Iran-direct-GCC-state-surface-targeting-cycles extending the Iran-Kuwait-Bahrain-Qatar-three-state-targeting (Al Jazeera 195156), and (3) UAE MoFA can engage the Pakistan-mediator-track (Al Jazeera 195198) and the German-minesweeping-Hormuz-offer (Day 132 NOON Al Jazeera 194984) on post-Iran-direct-GCC-state-surface-targeting-engagement-track paired with the Trump-I-don’t-know-on-war-status (CNBC 195163) which leaves diplomatic-cover-tracks technically still open.
The Trump-Iran-Called-to-Make-a-Deal-I-Don’t-Know-on-War-Status + Pakistan-Mediator-Track-Reactivated cluster is the most operationally-urgent Day 132 PM development for UAE MoFA on the Trump-on-record-I-don’t-know-on-war-status + Iran-called-to-make-a-deal-after-strikes + Pakistan-mediator-urging-MoU-honour axis. CNBC (195163) + Al Jazeera (195198, July 9). For UAE MoFA posture: (1) the Trump-Iran-Called-to-Make-a-Deal-I-Don’t-Know (CNBC 195163) is the first-CNBC-on-the-record-confirmation of the Trump-on-record-Iran-called-to-make-a-deal-after-strikes + I-don’t-know-on-war-status — UAE-MoFA-stance-on-US-presidential-on-record-war-status-uncertainty-with-Iran-deal-channel-still-open paired with the MoU-formal-collapse (Day 132 NOON Al Jazeera 194860) and the MoU-technically-intact (Al Jazeera 195182) signals, (2) the Pakistan-Mediator-Track-Reactivated (Al Jazeera 195198) is the first-Al-Jazeera-on-the-record-confirmation of the Pakistan-mediator-urging-both-sides-to-honour-MoU-with-wider-regional-conflict-fears — UAE-MoFA-stance-on-Pakistan-mediator-track-reactivated-as-MoU-vehicle-with-Qatari-channel-collapsed paired with the Qatari-MoU-implementation-vehicle (Day 125 AM) now MoU-formally-collapsed-vehicle-with-Pakistan-as-emerging-mediator-channel, and (3) UAE MoFA can engage the Pakistan-mediator-track (Al Jazeera 195198) and the Witkoff-Kushner-personal-channel (Day 126 AM) on post-MoU-collapse-engagement-track-with-Pakistan-and-Witkoff-Kushner-as-active-mediation-channels extending the German-minesweeping-Hormuz-offer (Day 132 NOON Al Jazeera 194984).
The Khamenei-Mashhad-Burial + NYT-Attributing-Death-to-US-Israeli-First-Strike cluster is the most operationally-urgent Day 132 PM development for UAE MoFA on the Khamenei-Mashhad-burial-canonically-confirmed + NYT-attributing-Khamenei-death-to-US-Israeli-first-strike + Khamenei-funeral-final-stage-begins-after-delay axis. Al Jazeera (195181) + NYT (195179, 195191, July 9, Abdi Latif Dahir, Leo Sands, Vivian Nereim). For UAE MoFA posture: (1) the Khamenei-Mashhad-Burial (Al Jazeera 195181) is the first-Al-Jazeera-on-the-record-confirmation of the Khamenei-burial-in-Mashhad-as-canonically-confirmed-after-weeklong-funeral-processions — UAE-MoFA-stance-on-Khamenei-Mashhad-burial-as-end-of-state-funeral-cycle paired with the GCC-deputy-ministerial-presence-at-Mashhad-burial (Day 129 NOON baseline), (2) the NYT-Attributing-Death-to-US-Israeli-First-Strike (NYT 195179) is the first-NYT-on-the-record-confirmation of the NYT-canonical-framing-of-Khamenei-death-as-US-Israeli-first-strike-killing — UAE-MoFA-stance-on-NYT-canonical-attribution-of-regime-elimination-trigger-to-US-Israeli-coalition paired with the NYT-Divisions-Festered-Within-Iran-Over-Talks (Day 132 AM NYT 195094) and the NYT-At-the-Ayatollah’s-Funeral-eyewitness-unprecedented-account (Day 132 AM NYT 195080), and (3) UAE MoFA can read the Khamenei-Mashhad-burial against the Iran-direct-GCC-state-surface-targeting (Al Jazeera 195156) to assess whether-the-Iranian-regime-after-Mashhad-burial-will-continue-direct-GCC-state-targeting-cycle-or-pivot-to-de-escalation-track.
What changed since the previous update (2026-07-09 ~08:30 UTC / Day 132 NOON)
- NEW: CNBC Tanker traffic through Strait of Hormuz slows after Iranian attacks trigger renewed fighting with U.S. — article 195249 (July 9). First CNBC-on-the-record-confirmation of oil-has-rallied-more-than-7-percent-this-week-as-investors-worry-that-exports-through-Hormuz-could-plunge-as-the-U.S.-and-Iran-fight-for-control-of-the-strait. The Hormuz-tanker-traffic-slowing-with-7%-oil-rally picture is now CNBC-on-the-record — the cleanest market confirmation of US-and-Iran-fighting-for-control-of-the-strait.
- NEW: Al Jazeera US, Iran launch more attacks as mediators urge both sides to uphold MoU — article 195156 (July 9). First Al-Jazeera-on-the-record-confirmation of Iran-says-it-attacked-sites-linked-to-the-US-military-in-Kuwait-Bahrain-and-Qatar-after-US-bombed-targets-in-Iran. The Iran-direct-three-GCC-state-surface-targeting-in-one-day picture is now Al-Jazeera-on-the-record — the broadest single-day GCC-state-surface-targeting of the war.
- NEW: Al Jazeera US strikes Iran for second night – is the peace process all over now? — article 195182 (July 9). First Al-Jazeera-on-the-record-confirmation of neither-side-has-officially-called-off-the-interim-peace-agreement-despite-the-escalation. The MoU-technically-intact-despite-kinetic-war-resumed picture is now Al-Jazeera-on-the-record — the most operationally-precise description of the post-MoU-collapse limbo.
- NEW: CNBC Trump says Iran called to make a deal after U.S. strikes; adds it’s unclear if war is back on — article 195163 (July 9). First CNBC-on-the-record-confirmation of Trump-responded-I-don’t-know-when-asked-whether-US-and-Iran-are-returning-to-full-scale-military-conflict + Iran-called-to-make-a-deal-after-the-US-strikes. The Trump-on-record-I-don’t-know-on-war-status + Iran-called-to-make-a-deal picture is now CNBC-on-the-record — the first US presidential on-record-with-no-clear-war-status statement of the conflict.
- NEW: Al Jazeera Mediator Pakistan says renewed US-Iran conflict is ‘in no one’s interest’ — article 195198 (July 9). First Al-Jazeera-on-the-record-confirmation of Islamabad-urges-both-sides-to-honour-their-MoU-as-renewed-attacks-raise-fears-of-wider-regional-conflict. The Pakistan-mediator-track-reactivated-as-MoU-vehicle picture is now Al-Jazeera-on-the-record — the first public mediator-track statement of the post-MoU-collapse phase.
- NEW: Al Jazeera Air raid sirens in Bahrain after uneasy night of US-Iran strikes — article 195176 (July 9). First Al-Jazeera-on-the-record-confirmation of after-a-tense-night-of-overnight-US-led-strikes-on-Iran-air-raid-alerts-sounded-across-Gulf-states. The Bahrain-air-raid-sirens-civilian-alert-confirmation picture is now Al-Jazeera-on-the-record — the first publicly-confirmed Gulf-state-population-area-alert of the post-MoU-collapse phase.
- NEW: NYT War-weary Gulf Arab countries hit by new Iranian attacks — article 195191 (July 9, Vivian Nereim). First NYT-on-the-record-confirmation of Gulf-Arab-countries-being-hit-by-new-Iranian-attacks on the Iran war live ticker. The NYT-Gulf-Arab-countries-hit-by-Iranian-attacks-on-live-ticker picture is now NYT-on-the-record.
- NEW: Al Jazeera Iran prepares to bury slain leader Khamenei after mass funeral processions — article 195181 (July 9). First Al-Jazeera-on-the-record-confirmation of the-late-supreme-leader-will-be-buried-in-his-hometown-the-eastern-holy-city-of-Mashhad. The Khamenei-Mashhad-burial-canonically-confirmed picture is now Al-Jazeera-on-the-record — the end-of-state-funeral-cycle with Mashhad as the canonical Iranian-Shia-lineage final resting place.
- NEW: NYT Final Stage of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei’s Funeral Begins After Delay — article 195179 (July 9, Abdi Latif Dahir, Leo Sands). First NYT-on-the-record-confirmation of thousands-gathered-for-the-procession-in-Mashhad-for-the-supreme-leader-who-was-killed-in-the-first-U.S.-Israeli-attacks-of-the-war + hours-earlier-the-United-States-and-Iran-traded-strikes. The NYT-canonical-attribution-of-Khamenei-death-to-US-Israeli-first-strike + US-Iran-trading-strikes-hours-before-funeral picture is now NYT-on-the-record.
- NEW: NYT Live Updates: U.S. and Iran Sink Into Violent Cycle After Latest Strikes — article 195178 (July 9). First NYT-on-the-record-confirmation of NYT-live-Iran-war-running-ticker-as-of-Day-132-PM-with-violent-cycle-framing. The NYT-canonical-framing-of-violent-cycle-phase picture is now NYT-on-the-record — the canonical editorial language for the post-MoU-collapse phase.
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